neurotransmitter
神経伝達物質
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Amino acids |
アミノ酸 -COOH + -NH2 |
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glutamate |
グルタミン酸塩 ester of glutamic acid HOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH |
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aspartate |
アスパラギン酸塩 ester of aspartic acid HOOCCH2CH(NH2)COOH |
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D-serine |
Dセリン C3H7O3N |
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γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) |
γアミノ酪酸 NH2CH2CH2CH2COOH |
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glycine |
グリシン H2NCH2COOH |
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peptides |
ペムチド 2 or more amino acids by -OC-NH- |
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oxytocin |
オキシトシン C43H66N12O12S2 |
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somatostatin |
ソマトスタチン |
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substance P |
P物質 11 amino acid residues |
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cocaine |
コカイン C17H21NO4 |
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amphetamine |
アンフェタミン C18H28N2O4S |
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opioid peptides |
アヘン様ペプチド endorphin enkephalin |
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monoamines (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine) |
モノアミン RNH2 |
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dopamine (DA) (monamine, catecholamine) |
ドーパミン C8H11NO2 norepinephrine と melanin の合成の中間生物体 |
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norepinephrine (noradrenaline) (monoamine, catecholamine) |
ノルエピノフリン (HO)2C6H3CH(OH)CH2NH2 |
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epinephrine (adrenaline) |
エピネフリン adrenalin |
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histamine |
ヒスタミン C3H3N2CH2CH2NH2 |
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serotonin (SER) (monoamine) |
セロトニン HOC8H5NCH2CH2NH2 |
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norepinephrine system ノルエピネフリン系 (monoamine, catecholamine) |
pathways |
behaviors |
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amygdala and hippocampus 小脳扁桃と海馬 brain stem and spinal cord 脳幹と脊髄 cerebellum 小脳 cerebral cortex 小脳皮質 hypothalamus 視床下部 tectum 中脳蓋 thalamus 視床 ventral tegmental area 腹側被蓋野 olfactory bulb 嗅球 |
axiety arousal circadian rhythm cognitive control and working memory feeding and energy homeostasis medullary control or respiration nociception reward |
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dopamine system ドーパミン系 (monoamine, catecholamine) |
pathways |
behaviors |
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amygdala 小脳扁桃 cingulate cortex 帯状回皮質 hippocampus 海馬 ventral striatum 腹側線条体 olfactory bulb 嗅球 prefrontal cortex 前前頭皮質 nigrostriatal pathway 黒質線条体経路 tuberoinfundibulary pathway 隆起漏斗経路 |
arousal aversion cognitive control and working memory emotion and mood motivation motor function and control positive reinforcement reward sexual arousal |
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histamine system ヒスタミン系 |
pathways |
behaviors |
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cerebral cortex 大脳皮質 hippocampus 海馬 neostriatum 新線条体 nucleus accumbens 側坐核 amygdala 小脳扁桃 hypothalamus 視床下部 |
arousal feeding and energy homeostasis learning memory |
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serotonin system セロトニン系 (monoamine) |
pathways |
behaviors |
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cerebral cortex 大脳皮質 thalamus 視床 caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens 尾状被殻と側坐核 substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area 黒質と腹側被蓋野 amygdala 小脳扁桃 cingulate cortex 帯状回皮質 hippocampus 海馬 hypothalamus 視床下部 neocortex 新皮質 septum 中隔 ventral tegmental area 腹側被蓋野 |
arousal body temperature regulation emotion and mood, aggression feeding and energy homeostasis reward sensory perception |
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acetylcholine system アセチルコリン系 |
pathways |
behaviors |
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hippocampus 海馬 cerebral cortex 大脳皮質 limbic cortex and sonsory cortex 辺縁皮質と感覚皮質 ventral tegmental area 腹側被蓋野 thalamus 視床 |
arousal emotion and mood learning motor function motivation short term memory reward |